J Neubauer, P Mergell, U Eysholdt, and H Herzel (2001)
Spatio-temporal analysis of irregular vocal fold oscillations:Biphonation due to desynchronization of spatial modes
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110:3179-3192.
This report is on direct observation and modal
analysis of irregular spatio-temporal vibration
patterns of vocal fold pathologies in vivo. The
observed oscillation patterns are described
quantitatively with multiline kymograms,spectral
analysis, and spatio-temporal plots. The complex
spatio-temporal vibration patterns are decomposed by
empirical orthogonal functions into independent
vibratory modes. It is shown quantitatively that
biphonation can be induced either by left-right
asymmetry or by desynchronized anterior-posterior
vibratory modes, and the term "AP
(anterior-posterior) biphonation" is introduced. The
presented phonation examples show that for normal
phonation the first two modes sufficiently explain
the glottal dynamics. The spatio-temporal
oscillation pattern associated with biphonation due
to left-right asymmetry can be explained by the
first three modes. Higher-order modes are required
to describe the pattern for biphonation induced by
anterior-posterior vibrations. Spatial irregularity
is quantified by an entropy measure, which is
significantly higher for irregular phonation than
for normal phonation. Two asymmetry measures are
introduced: the left-right asymmetry and the
anterior-posterior asymmetry, as the ratios of the
fundamental frequencies of left and right vocal fold
and of anterior-posterior modes, respectively. These
quantities clearly differentiate between left-right
biphonation and anterior-posterior biphonation. This
paper proposes methods to analyze quantitatively
irregular vocal fold contour patterns in vivo and
complements previous findings of desynchronization
of vibration modes in computer modes and in in vitro
experiments.